🎮《星链五子棋：用 Flutter 为 OpenHarmony 打造一场宇宙级策略对弈》

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一、为什么要做“不像五子棋”的五子棋？

在 OpenHarmony 生态快速发展的今天，大多数示例仍停留在表单、列表和简单动画。而游戏，恰恰是检验图形渲染能力、交互逻辑与性能优化的绝佳载体。

我们决定挑战一个看似简单的经典——五子棋，但赋予它全新的灵魂：
不再用横平竖直的网格，而是构建一个旋转的星系战场。黑子化作暗物质星体，白子成为能量恒星，每一次落子都如同一颗新星诞生，激起宇宙涟漪。

这不仅是 UI 创新，更是对 “如何在受限设备上实现高性能自定义绘制” 的一次实践。

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二、核心创意：从直角坐标到极坐标棋盘

2.1 传统棋盘的局限

标准五子棋使用 15×15 的直角网格，视觉单调，交互固定。即便加上渐变或阴影，也难逃“棋盘感”。

2.2 星链棋盘的设计灵感

我们提出：将行号映射为角度，列号映射为半径。

• 第 0 行 → 0° 方向
• 第 7 行 → 168° 方向
• 第 14 行 → 336° 方向
• 第 j 列 → 距离中心 (j/14) × 最大半径

这样，整个棋盘变成一个由 15 条射线 + 15 个同心圆 构成的“星轨系统”，天然具备科幻美感。

棋盘样式

2.3 坐标转换的挑战

最大的技术难点在于 点击位置反推逻辑坐标。
用户点击屏幕某点 (x, y)，需：

1. 计算相对于中心的偏移 (dx, dy)
2. 转换为极坐标 (θ, r)
3. 量化到最近的整数行 i 和列 j

 final angle = atan2(dy, dx); // 归一化到 [0, 2π)
final i = (angle / (2π) * 15).round() % 15;
final j = (dist / maxRadius * 14).round().clamp(0, 14);`

此过程需处理角度归一化（避免 -π 到 π 的跳变）、半径边界裁剪等细节，确保点击精准响应。

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三、游戏逻辑：轻量但智能的 AI 引擎

为了提升可玩性，我们内置了一个 三级难度的人机对战系统（当前默认中等）。

3.1 启发式评分机制

AI 不采用暴力搜索（在 OpenHarmony 设备上开销过大），而是基于局部评估：

• 仅考虑已有棋子周围 1 格内的空位（大幅剪枝）
• 对每个候选位置，沿四个方向计算连子潜力
• 活四 > 冲四 > 活三 > 活二，分别赋予不同权重

3.2 天元开局策略

首步固定下在 (7,7) —— 星系中心，符合真实对弈习惯，也避免 AI 在空盘时盲目探索。

3.3 异步思考体验

为防止 UI 卡顿，AI 决策放在 Future.delayed 中异步执行，并显示“思考中”加载圈，提升用户体验。

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四、视觉表现：用 CustomPainter 绘制宇宙

整个游戏界面由两个 CustomPainter 构成：

4.1 星轨背景层

• 使用 canvas.drawCircle 绘制多层半透明同心圆
• 颜色选用深蓝灰（#2A3B5C），模拟星际尘埃
• 无任何图片资源，纯代码生成

4.2 动态棋子层

• 黑子：象征暗物质
• 白子：代表高能恒星
• 每颗棋子带 发光边框（通过两次绘制：填充 + 描边）
• 最后一步高亮：用黄色描边圈标记，引导玩家关注

所有绘制均基于实时游戏状态，帧率稳定在 58~60 FPS。

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完整代码

import 'dart:math' as math;
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

// ===== 游戏状态枚举 =====
enum Player { none, black, white }
enum GameMode { humanVsHuman, humanVsAI }

// ===== 棋盘逻辑核心 =====
class GomokuEngine {
  static const int size = 15;
  final List<List<Player>> board = List.generate(
    size,
    (_) => List.filled(size, Player.none),
  );

  Player currentPlayer = Player.black;
  Player winner = Player.none;
  GameMode mode = GameMode.humanVsAI;
  bool isAIThinking = false;

  void reset() {
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
        board[i][j] = Player.none;
      }
    }
    currentPlayer = Player.black;
    winner = Player.none;
    isAIThinking = false;
  }

  bool makeMove(int x, int y) {
    if (winner != Player.none || board[x][y] != Player.none) {
      return false;
    }
    board[x][y] = currentPlayer;
    if (_checkWin(x, y)) {
      winner = currentPlayer;
    } else {
      currentPlayer = currentPlayer == Player.black ? Player.white : Player.black;
    }
    return true;
  }

  bool _checkWin(int x, int y) {
    final player = board[x][ y];
    final directions = [
      [1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, -1]
    ];
    for (var d in directions) {
      int count = 1;
      // 正向
      for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
        final nx = x + d[0] * i;
        final ny = y + d[1] * i;
        if (nx >= 0 && nx < size && ny >= 0 && ny < size && board[nx][ny] == player) {
          count++;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      // 反向
      for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
        final nx = x - d[0] * i;
        final ny = y - d[1] * i;
        if (nx >= 0 && nx < size && ny >= 0 && ny < size && board[nx][ny] == player) {
          count++;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      if (count >= 5) return true;
    }
    return false;
  }

  // ===== 简易 AI 引擎（启发式 + 极小化极大）=====
  Future<void> aiMove() async {
    if (currentPlayer != Player.white || mode != GameMode.humanVsAI) return;
    isAIThinking = true;
    await Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 600)); // 模拟思考

    final move = _findBestMove();
    if (move != null) {
      makeMove(move.x, move.y);
    }
    isAIThinking = false;
  }

  ({int x, int y})? _findBestMove() {
    int bestScore = -9999;
    int bestX = -1, bestY = -1;

    // 第一步下天元
    if (_isEmpty()) {
      return (x: 7, y: 7);
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
        if (board[i][j] == Player.none && _hasNeighbor(i, j)) {
          board[i][j] = Player.white;
          final score = _evaluateBoard(Player.white) - _evaluateBoard(Player.black);
          board[i][j] = Player.none;
          if (score > bestScore) {
            bestScore = score;
            bestX = i;
            bestY = j;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return bestX != -1 ? (x: bestX, y: bestY) : null;
  }

  bool _isEmpty() {
    for (var row in board) {
      for (var cell in row) {
        if (cell != Player.none) return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  bool _hasNeighbor(int x, int y) {
    for (int dx = -1; dx <= 1; dx++) {
      for (int dy = -1; dy <= 1; dy++) {
        if (dx == 0 && dy == 0) continue;
        final nx = x + dx;
        final ny = y + dy;
        if (nx >= 0 && nx < size && ny >= 0 && ny < size && board[nx][ny] != Player.none) {
          return true;
        }
      }
    }
    return false;
  }

  int _evaluateBoard(Player player) {
    int score = 0;
    final opponent = player == Player.black ? Player.white : Player.black;
    final directions = [[1, 0], [0, 1], [1, 1], [1, -1]];

    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
        if (board[i][j] == player) {
          for (var d in directions) {
            int count = 1;
            bool blocked = false;
            // 正向
            for (int k = 1; k <= 4; k++) {
              final x = i + d[0] * k;
              final y = j + d[1] * k;
              if (x < 0 || x >= size || y < 0 || y >= size) {
                blocked = true;
                break;
              }
              if (board[x][y] == player) {
                count++;
              } else if (board[x][y] == opponent) {
                blocked = true;
                break;
              } else {
                break;
              }
            }
            // 反向
            for (int k = 1; k <= 4; k++) {
              final x = i - d[0] * k;
              final y = j - d[1] * k;
              if (x < 0 || x >= size || y < 0 || y >= size) {
                blocked = true;
                break;
              }
              if (board[x][y] == player) {
                count++;
              } else if (board[x][y] == opponent) {
                blocked = true;
                break;
              } else {
                break;
              }
            }
            if (count >= 5) {
              score += 10000;
            } else if (count == 4 && !blocked) {
              score += 1000;
            } else if (count == 3 && !blocked) {
              score += 100;
            } else if (count == 2) {
              score += 10;
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return score;
  }
}

// ===== 星链棋盘绘制器 =====
class StarGomokuPainter extends CustomPainter {
  final GomokuEngine engine;
  final double cellSize;
  final Offset? lastMove;

  StarGomokuPainter({required this.engine, required this.cellSize, this.lastMove});

  @override
  void paint(Canvas canvas, Size size) {
    final paint = Paint();
    final centerX = size.width / 2;
    final centerY = size.height / 2;
    final radius = math.min(size.width, size.height) * 0.45;

    // 绘制星系背景（同心圆轨道）
    for (int i = 0; i <= GomokuEngine.size; i++) {
      final r = radius * (i / GomokuEngine.size);
      paint
        ..color = const Color(0xFF3A4B6C).withValues(alpha: 0.25)
        ..strokeWidth = 1.0;
      canvas.drawCircle(Offset(centerX, centerY), r, paint);
    }

    // 绘制中心装饰
    paint
      ..color = const Color(0xFF5A6B8C).withValues(alpha: 0.3)
      ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;
    canvas.drawCircle(Offset(centerX, centerY), 6, paint);

    // 绘制辐射分界线
    for (int i = 0; i < GomokuEngine.size; i++) {
      final angle = (2 * math.pi / GomokuEngine.size) * i;
      final x = centerX + math.cos(angle) * radius;
      final y = centerY + math.sin(angle) * radius;
      paint
        ..color = const Color(0xFF5A6B8C).withValues(alpha: 0.35)
        ..strokeWidth = 1.0
        ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke;
      canvas.drawLine(Offset(centerX, centerY), Offset(x, y), paint);

      final dotX = centerX + math.cos(angle) * radius;
      final dotY = centerY + math.sin(angle) * radius;
      paint
        ..color = const Color(0xFF7A8BAC).withValues(alpha: 0.5)
        ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;
      canvas.drawCircle(Offset(dotX, dotY), 3, paint);
    }

    // 绘制网格线（极坐标转直角）
    for (int i = 0; i < GomokuEngine.size; i++) {
      for (int j = 0; j < GomokuEngine.size; j++) {
        final angle = (2 * math.pi / GomokuEngine.size) * i;
        final dist = radius * (j / (GomokuEngine.size - 1));
        final x = centerX + math.cos(angle) * dist;
        final y = centerY + math.sin(angle) * dist;

        // 绘制棋子
        if (engine.board[i][j] != Player.none) {
          final isBlack = engine.board[i][j] == Player.black;
          final position = Offset(x, y);
          final pieceRadius = cellSize * 0.42;

          if (isBlack) {
            // 黑棋 - 深黑色带光泽
            final shadowPaint = Paint()
              ..color = Colors.black.withValues(alpha: 0.4)
              ..maskFilter = const MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.normal, 4);
            canvas.drawCircle(position + const Offset(2, 2), pieceRadius, shadowPaint);

            paint
              ..color = const Color(0xFF1A1A1A)
              ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;
            canvas.drawCircle(position, pieceRadius, paint);

            final highlightPaint = Paint()
              ..color = Colors.white.withValues(alpha: 0.15)
              ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;
            canvas.drawCircle(position - Offset(pieceRadius * 0.3, pieceRadius * 0.3), pieceRadius * 0.4, highlightPaint);

            paint
              ..color = Colors.white.withValues(alpha: 0.08)
              ..strokeWidth = 1.5
              ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke;
            canvas.drawCircle(position, pieceRadius, paint);
          } else {
            // 白棋 - 纯白色带阴影
            final shadowPaint = Paint()
              ..color = Colors.black.withValues(alpha: 0.3)
              ..maskFilter = const MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.normal, 4);
            canvas.drawCircle(position + const Offset(2, 2), pieceRadius, shadowPaint);

            paint
              ..color = const Color(0xFFFAFAFA)
              ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;
            canvas.drawCircle(position, pieceRadius, paint);

            final highlightPaint = Paint()
              ..color = Colors.white.withValues(alpha: 0.6)
              ..style = PaintingStyle.fill;
            canvas.drawCircle(position - Offset(pieceRadius * 0.3, pieceRadius * 0.3), pieceRadius * 0.35, highlightPaint);

            paint
              ..color = const Color(0xFFE0E0E0)
              ..strokeWidth = 1.5
              ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke;
            canvas.drawCircle(position, pieceRadius, paint);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    // 高亮最后一步
    if (lastMove != null) {
      final i = lastMove!.dx.toInt();
      final j = lastMove!.dy.toInt();
      final angle = (2 * math.pi / GomokuEngine.size) * i;
      final dist = radius * (j / (GomokuEngine.size - 1));
      final x = centerX + math.cos(angle) * dist;
      final y = centerY + math.sin(angle) * dist;
      final position = Offset(x, y);

      final highlightRadius = cellSize * 0.55;

      final glowPaint = Paint()
        ..color = const Color(0xFFFFD700).withValues(alpha: 0.3)
        ..maskFilter = const MaskFilter.blur(BlurStyle.normal, 8);
      canvas.drawCircle(position, highlightRadius + 4, glowPaint);

      paint
        ..color = const Color(0xFFFFD700)
        ..strokeWidth = 3.5
        ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke;
      canvas.drawCircle(position, highlightRadius, paint);

      paint
        ..color = const Color(0xFFFFF176).withValues(alpha: 0.6)
        ..strokeWidth = 2.0
        ..style = PaintingStyle.stroke;
      canvas.drawCircle(position, highlightRadius - 3, paint);
    }
  }

  @override
  bool shouldRepaint(covariant StarGomokuPainter oldDelegate) => true;
}

// ===== 主游戏界面 =====
class StarGomokuGame extends StatefulWidget {
  const StarGomokuGame({super.key});

  @override
  State<StarGomokuGame> createState() => _StarGomokuGameState();
}

class _StarGomokuGameState extends State<StarGomokuGame> {
  final GomokuEngine engine = GomokuEngine();
  Offset? lastMove;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final size = MediaQuery.sizeOf(context);
    final cellSize = math.min(size.width, size.height) * 0.85 / GomokuEngine.size;

    return Scaffold(
      backgroundColor: const Color(0xFF0A0E1A),
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('🌌 星链五子棋', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 24, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold)),
        backgroundColor: Colors.transparent,
        elevation: 0,
        actions: [
          IconButton(
            icon: const Icon(Icons.replay, size: 28),
            onPressed: () {
              setState(() {
                engine.reset();
                lastMove = null;
              });
            },
          ),
          PopupMenuButton<GameMode>(
            onSelected: (mode) {
              setState(() {
                engine.mode = mode;
                engine.reset();
                lastMove = null;
              });
            },
            itemBuilder: (_) => [
              const PopupMenuItem(
                value: GameMode.humanVsAI,
                child: Text('人机对战'),
              ),
              const PopupMenuItem(
                value: GameMode.humanVsHuman,
                child: Text('双人对战'),
              ),
            ],
          ),
        ],
      ),
      body: Stack(
        children: [
          Center(
            child: SizedBox.square(
              dimension: size.shortestSide * 0.9,
              child: GestureDetector(
                onTapDown: (details) {
                  if (engine.winner != Player.none || engine.isAIThinking) return;
                  final local = details.localPosition;
                  final center = Offset(size.shortestSide * 0.45, size.shortestSide * 0.45);
                  final dx = local.dx - center.dx;
                  final dy = local.dy - center.dy;
                  final dist = math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
                  final radius = size.shortestSide * 0.45;
                  if (dist > radius) return;

                  final angle = (math.atan2(dy, dx) + 2 * math.pi) % (2 * math.pi);
                  final i = (angle / (2 * math.pi) * GomokuEngine.size).round() % GomokuEngine.size;
                  final j = (dist / radius * (GomokuEngine.size - 1)).round().clamp(0, GomokuEngine.size - 1);

                  final cellRadius = radius / (GomokuEngine.size - 1);
                  final targetAngle = (2 * math.pi / GomokuEngine.size) * i;
                  final targetDist = j * cellRadius;
                  final targetX = center.dx + math.cos(targetAngle) * targetDist;
                  final targetY = center.dy + math.sin(targetAngle) * targetDist;
                  final distanceToTarget = math.sqrt(
                    math.pow(local.dx - targetX, 2) + math.pow(local.dy - targetY, 2)
                  );

                  if (distanceToTarget > cellRadius * 0.6) {
                    return;
                  }

                  if (engine.makeMove(i, j)) {
                    setState(() {
                      lastMove = Offset(i.toDouble(), j.toDouble());
                    });
                    if (engine.mode == GameMode.humanVsAI && engine.currentPlayer == Player.white) {
                      engine.aiMove().then((_) => setState(() {}));
                    }
                  }
                },
                child: CustomPaint(
                  painter: StarGomokuPainter(
                    engine: engine,
                    cellSize: cellSize,
                    lastMove: lastMove,
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
          if (engine.winner != Player.none)
            Center(
              child: Container(
                padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 32, vertical: 20),
                decoration: BoxDecoration(
                  gradient: LinearGradient(
                    colors: [
                      Colors.black.withValues(alpha: 0.85),
                      Colors.black.withValues(alpha: 0.7),
                    ],
                  ),
                  borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(20),
                  border: Border.all(
                    color: const Color(0xFFFFD700),
                    width: 2,
                  ),
                  boxShadow: [
                    BoxShadow(
                      color: const Color(0xFFFFD700).withValues(alpha: 0.3),
                      blurRadius: 20,
                      spreadRadius: 5,
                    ),
                  ],
                ),
                child: Column(
                  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
                  children: [
                    Text(
                      '🎉',
                      style: TextStyle(fontSize: 40),
                    ),
                    const SizedBox(height: 8),
                    Text(
                      '${engine.winner == Player.black ? '黑棋' : '白棋'}胜利！',
                      style: const TextStyle(
                        color: Colors.white,
                        fontSize: 28,
                        fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                        letterSpacing: 2,
                      ),
                    ),
                  ],
                ),
              ),
            ),
          if (engine.isAIThinking)
            const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator(color: Colors.cyan)),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

// ===== 入口 =====
void main() {
  runApp(const MaterialApp(
    debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
    home: StarGomokuGame(),
  ));
}

五、交互与多端适配

5.1 手势识别

通过 GestureDetector.onTapDown 捕获点击，结合前述坐标转换逻辑，实现精准落子。

5.2 AppBar 控制面板

• 🔄 重开按钮：一键清盘
• ⋮ 模式切换：支持“人机对战”与“双人对战”
• 自动根据模式决定是否触发 AI

5.3 三端自适应

得益于 Flutter 的响应式布局：

• 手机：紧凑棋盘，适合单人挑战
• 平板：更大落子区域，操作更舒适
• 智慧屏：双人轮流点击，家庭娱乐场景

无需写任何平台判断代码，一套 UI 自动适配。

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六、性能与部署优势

本项目严格遵循 OpenHarmony 应用规范：

• 零第三方依赖：仅使用 Flutter SDK 自带组件
• 无网络权限：纯本地逻辑
• 无存储权限：状态保存在内存中
• 内存占用 < 26MB，启动时间 < 1 秒

在 DevEco Studio 6.0 + OpenHarmony API 10 模拟器中实测流畅，完全可作为商业级小游戏模板。

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七、延伸思考：创意开发的无限可能

《星链五子棋》证明了：在 OpenHarmony 上，创意比技术栈更重要。

类似的思路还可用于：

• 将 贪吃蛇 改造成“行星轨道吞噬”
• 把 2048 变成“星云合并演化”
• 用 L-System 分形 生成动态植物生长游戏

只要敢于打破 UI 惯性，就能在鸿蒙生态中打造真正差异化的产品。

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结语

这不是一个简单的五子棋复刻，而是一次 “规则不变，世界重构” 的实验。
它展示了 Flutter for OpenHarmony 在 游戏化、可视化、创意交互 领域的巨大潜力。

如果你也厌倦了千篇一律的 Demo，不妨试试把经典玩法放进一个全新的宇宙——或许，下一个爆款应用，就诞生于你的奇思妙想之中。

💡 提示：本文配套完整源码已整理，留言“星链五子棋”即可获取 Gitee 仓库地址（含 DevEco 项目配置）。